The erudite and generous MMcM has sent me a copy of Mrs. Byrne's Dictionary, by Josefa Heifetz Byrne, and I will be enjoying exploring it. This is not one of the silly books with pseudo-words of the type I discussed here; Mrs. Byrne spent ten years trawling through "specialized dictionaries and unabridged works too bulky for browsing," as her husband's introduction puts it (though I personally have never found a book "too bulky for browsing") and plucked out her favorite oddities. Some of them are disappointingly ordinary (paladin, screed, trefoil), but the vast majority are genuinely rare, and many cry out to be used more widely: cooster 'a worn-out libertine,' crapaudine 'swinging on top and bottom pivots like a door,' lippitude 'sore or bleary eyes.'
This ties in nicely with Nicholson Baker's review (from the NY Times Book Review) of Ammon Shea's Reading the OED: One Man, One Year, 21,730 Pages, which I was reading just before the Byrne book arrived. Shea "owns about a thousand dictionaries," some of which he bought from a book dealer named Madeline, who owns 20,000 dictionaries. These are my kind of people. At any rate, Shea decided to spend a year reading the OED (supported by his tolerant girlfriend, a psychology teacher, one presumes, because he spends all day in the basement of the Hunter College library, trying to avoid eyestrain and madness: "Sometimes I get angry at the dictionary and let loose with a muffled yell"), and the book sounds like an enjoyable read, as of course is the review. I'll quote the odd-word bits:
There’s hypergelast (a person who won’t stop laughing), lant (to add urine to ale to give it more kick), obmutescence (willful speechlessness) and ploiter (to work to little purpose)... Acnestis — the part of an animal’s back that the animal can’t reach to scratch. And bespawl — to splatter with saliva. In Chapter D, Shea encounters deipnophobia, the fear of dinner parties; Chapter K brings kankedort, an awkward situation... He is fond of polysyllabic near-homonyms — words like incompetible (outside the range of competency) and repertitious (found accidentally), which are quickly swallowed up in the sonic gravitation of familiar words. And a number of Shea’s finds deserve prompt resurrection: vicambulist, for instance — a person who wanders city streets.Some of these are in Mrs. Byrne's Dictionary, but most aren't; I imagine if you spent long enough at it you could compile several such books without repetition. English is a bottomless word-hoard. Posted by languagehat at August 7, 2008 04:43 PM
'Acnestis' has long been in my top 5. I didn't know 'cooster' but like it.
Posted by: Conrad at August 7, 2008 05:03 PM"Madeline," his dictionary provider, is Madeline Kripke.
Posted by: Grant Barrett at August 7, 2008 05:06 PMMy first contact with Mrs Byrne's was when someone quite learned insisted in a web forum that zzxjoanw was a Maaori drum because it was in Mrs Byrne's. The bizarre experience of actually knowing for a fact that someone much better educated than I was talking out of their hat (present company emphatically excluded) was gratifying to my ego, but put me off Mrs Byrne, given the slur on one of my country's official languages.
Posted by: Stuart at August 7, 2008 06:22 PM"Mrs. Byrne's Dictionary" is terrific... picked it up at a library sale years ago and it's been good for countless hours of browsing. Shame on anyone who would practice floccinaucinihilipilification* when assessing it! :)
(* "The categorizing of something as worthless trivia." - Mrs. Byrne's)
Posted by: Darren Shupe at August 7, 2008 07:30 PMMany technical dictionaries have usages and words which stick in your memory, making you wish you could use them occasionally.
I remember that in one sentence of Roscoe Pound's book on constitutional law I had to look up "nugatory", "hortatory", and "fiduciary"; I believe that "eleemosynary" showed up later. ("Easement" and "consortium" are also cool words). A birthing manual had "lochea", "meconium", and "colestrum", all body fluids unique to childbirth. In the veterinary manual there were usages rather than words: "thrifty" means something like "thriving but not overfed"; "stockyard fever" is a disease characteristic of animals waiting for slaughter; one of the symptoms is "an attitude of dejection".
Posted by: John Emerson at August 7, 2008 09:05 PMMadeline Kripke: sister of Saul Kripke, one of the dominant figures in nglo-American philosophy.
Posted by: John Emerson at August 7, 2008 09:16 PMThe two-Z barrier was breached many years ago in a specialized dictionary, Rupert Hughes's The Musical Guide (later, Music-Lovers Encyclopedia), published in various editions between 1905 and 1956. Its final entry, ZZXJOANW (shaw) Maori 1.Drum 2.Fife 3.Conclusion, remained unchallenged for more than seventy years until Philip Cohen pointed out various oddities: the strange pronunciation, the off diversity of meanings (including "conclusion") and the non-Maori appearance of the word. (Maori uses the fourteen letters AEGHIKMNOPRTUW, and all words end in a vowel). A hoax clearly entered somewhere; no doubt Hughes expected it to be obvious, but he did not take into account the credulity of logologists, sensitized by dictionary-sanctioned outlandish words such as mlechchha and qaraqalpaq.
There is nothing outlandish about qaraqalpaq, however; it's an standard, common Turkish word, also transliteratable as kharakhalpakh or Karakalpak. Mleccha likewise is, as far as I know, a perfectly legit word.
The pronunciation given, "shaw" makes it virtually certain that the hoax was a dig at the spelling-reformer and music critic GBS. It reminds you of the "shawm" witticism about Shaw:
Shaw once got a letter that got the better of him. It was addressed to George Bernard Shawm. In a beard-tossing fury, Shaw roared to his wife that his correspondent could not even spell the name of the world's greatest man. Moreover, fumed G.B.S., there was no such word as "shawm." Shaw's wife, one of the world's most martyred women, quietly disagreed, led Shaw to a dictionary and pointed to "shawm ... an old-fashioned wind instrument long since passed out of common use."Posted by: John Emerson at August 7, 2008 09:29 PM
Scratch kharakhalpakh. "Q" often is transliterated "kh", but I don't think that this transformation works with qaraqalpaq.
Posted by: John Emerson at August 7, 2008 09:42 PMWhat a great story! Now, the question is, was Mrs. Byrne in on the joke? I'm guessing yes, since she shows signs of sly humor in other places.
Posted by: language hat at August 7, 2008 09:49 PMIncidentally, score one for Wiki. I occasionally have to argue with people who believe that Wiki is trashy and second rate, but it's really full of good stuff you couldn't have found 10 years ago.
What it isn't is "authoritative" or "reliable". You have to read critically. But even the lack of authority is a plus. You really can't use Wiki to win arguments. It's just a source of interesting stuff.
Posted by: John Emerson at August 7, 2008 10:54 PM"The two-Z barrier was breached [...] qaraqalpaq." From Philip Cohen's article "What's the Good Word?" in Word Ways, Nov. 1978, p. 195, and quoted by Ross Eckler in his "Making the Alphabet Dance", ch. 5.
Although I love the richness of the vocabulary of English, I usually take a dim view of collections of odd words, but I like some of the examples you present here, because they sound as if they might actually be useful if only they were well-known.
@John Emerson. You write "colestrum". Did you mean "colostrum"?
Posted by: Richard Sabey at August 8, 2008 01:31 AMSaul Kripke wrote Naming and Necessity which, I'm guessing, is read by linguists. There was a hilarious review of a book about Kripke in the London Review Of Books www.lrb.co.uk/v26/n20/fodo01_.html
The review is by the great Jerry Fodor -- one of my favourite LRB writers, along with T. Eagleton -- who tells me all I need to know about what's going on in Anglo-American philosophy.
"Mlechchha" and "mleccha" both -- shheehsh!
I learnt "recto-verso" for "printed on both sides" in French class; though anglophone printing professionals use it, it deserves wider currency in these days of desktop publishing.
Posted by: mollymooly at August 8, 2008 06:30 AMDon't argue. Wiki, like life in general, can be both trashy and second rate as well as being at the same time full of good stuff you couldn't have found before.
Posted by: Crown, A. J. at August 8, 2008 07:04 AMYou have, or had, to know what an easement is for one part of the architectural licensing exam. I'm going to start using crapaudine on working drawings. Let the contractor figure it out.
Posted by: Crown, A. J. at August 8, 2008 07:13 AMChambers' Dictionary is a good read. Some definitions: fog: thick mist; mist: thin fog. Lunch: a restaurateur's term for everyman's dinner; middle age: the period between youth and old age, variously reckoned to suit the reckoner; eclair: a cake, long in shape but short in duration. And from Haugen's Norwegian-English Dictionary: 'kanskje: maybe, as in "Kanskje blir vi ferdige med denne ordboka engang" (maybe we'll finish this dictionary sometime)'
Posted by: Graham at August 8, 2008 07:34 AMI admit to prefering flaneur to vicambulist.
Posted by: Paul at August 8, 2008 09:21 AMThank you for the Fodor, Kron.
Posted by: John Emerson at August 8, 2008 10:22 AMFlaneur! I knew that definition sounded familiar.
Sounds like I've finally been given a word to describe why Dummkatz keeps me around - aside from cleaning the litter, I guess.
I'm afraid I only own about a score of encyclopedia, myself.
Posted by: Sili at August 8, 2008 10:52 AM*æ
Posted by: Sili at August 8, 2008 10:53 AMYou're welcome. I was wondering where all the people had gone, and then my wife told me the olympic games started today. Everyone's inside watching television.
Posted by: Crown, A. J. at August 8, 2008 01:21 PMI wonder where the definition of crapaudine as 'swinging on top and bottom pivots like a door' comes from. My SOED has
crapaudine /"krapdi:n, krap"di:n/ n.LME. [(O)Fr. f. med.L crapaudinus, -ina, f. as prec.: see -INE1.]1 = TOADSTONE n.1 Long obs. exc. Hist. LME. 2 An ulcer on the coronet of a horse. M18.
which links to
toadstone /"tUdstUn/ n.1M16. [f. TOAD + STONE n., tr. L batrachites, Gk batrakhites or med.L bufonitis, crapaudinus, Fr. crapaudine. Cf. BUFONITE, CRAPAUDINE.] A stone or stonelike object, esp. a fossil fish tooth, supposed to have been formed in the head or body of a toad, formerly used as an amulet etc. and credited with therapeutic or protective properties.
which is even more fun.
Posted by: Graham Asher at August 8, 2008 02:23 PMI like words that are simple, elegant and under-used: "apt", for instance - so much better than the loathsome "appropriate" which seems to combine affectation with Stalinist threat.
Posted by: dearieme at August 8, 2008 03:24 PM1876 GWILT Archit. Gloss., Crapaudine Doors, those which turn on pivots at top and bottom.
Posted by: language hat at August 8, 2008 04:07 PMA new shibboleth for when Dearie takes power.
"Excuse me, comrade (you don't mind if I call you 'comrade', do you?) Did I just hear you use the word 'appropriate'?"
Posted by: John Emerson at August 8, 2008 06:03 PMI heard an NPR interview with Shea today about his book, and started doing the math: 21,730 pages in 365 days is 59.5 pages a day, and he must have taken some days off. Perhaps he explains his schedule in the book, but assuming a pretty intensive 60 hours a week, he read 7 pages per hour, or a page every 8.5 minutes. Under three minutes per column. There are 291,500 entries; so he read 1.5 entries per minute. There are 2,412,400 usage quotations; that comes to a shade under 13 per minute (without allowing time for definitions and other content). Overall, about 300 words per minute. That's pretty speedy for material that dense.
Posted by: Martin at August 8, 2008 06:16 PMYeah, I'm guessing he concentrated on the definitions and skimmed everything else.
Posted by: language hat at August 8, 2008 07:02 PMWhen he wrote it up, I imagine he wrote up the interesting parts. Nobody could ever proved that he was skimming.
Someone with the online version could write an even more interesting book by using the many sorts of searches allowed.
Posted by: John Emerson at August 8, 2008 07:51 PMYou always see TOP & BTM PIVOT HINGE written on door schedules, and it's slightly irritating because a pivot isn't really a hinge at all, it's a pivot. I'll be writing CRAPAUDINE, or even TOADSTONE from now on, it's shorter and so much more... apt.
Posted by: Crown, A. J. at August 9, 2008 07:44 AMLook here, Emers, even "suitable" is more apt than "appropriate".
Posted by: dearieme at August 9, 2008 10:00 AMI meant suitable, thank you. What are you, dearie, a human thesaurus?
Posted by: Crown, A. J. at August 9, 2008 01:21 PM"Inapt" doesn't seem to substitute consistently for "inappropriate", however.
Posted by: John Emerson at August 9, 2008 03:00 PMFor example, it would be inapt to say "She felt that his advances were insulting and inapt."
Posted by: John Emerson at August 9, 2008 04:07 PMWe're all human thesauruses on this bus.
Posted by: language hat at August 9, 2008 05:50 PMEt alors? Probably best not to be an erudite to recognize supercilliousness when it appears disguised as a "word" in a dictionary.
Posted by: matabala at August 9, 2008 07:28 PMRichard Sabey: I like some of the examples you present here, because they sound as if they might actually be useful if only they were well-known.
Yes. My favorite candidate for making better-known through use is ploiter.
Posted by: Nell at August 10, 2008 07:21 PMAs I'm sure we all know, "apt" is just an abbreviation for "appropriate"*. It should, of course, be written, "ap't.", but in these sadly diminished days, such niceties cannot be consistently expected from even the best people.
* 8-) There being a clear shortage of vaguely plausible false etymologies.
Posted by: Doug Sundseth at August 11, 2008 02:01 PMWhoever writes the David Foster Wallace criticism is just about the biggest dolt I've ever read. Could it be that no one knows who he is. Wallace will be with us forever and laughing at this website.
Posted by: Michael M. Noonan at August 14, 2008 08:57 AMDid you have any particular counterargument, or is anyone who criticizes the godlike DFW ipso facto a dolt?
Posted by: language hat at August 14, 2008 02:48 PM